Prepared by: Mohacina Saji M M
Module 2
Types of Information- Communication:
Concept, Meaning, Definition
Need and Significance
Modes and Types of Communication
Communication: Concept, Meaning,
Definition
Meaning:
Communication
is the exchange of information, ideas, thoughts, and feelings between
individuals or groups. It involves both verbal and non-verbal forms of
expression, such as speech, writing, gestures, and body language. The primary
purpose of communication is to convey meaning and establish understanding among
participants.
Concept:
At
its core, communication is a dynamic process that involves encoding a message
by the sender, transmitting it through a chosen medium, and decoding it by the
receiver. This process may occur through various channels, including
face-to-face interactions, written messages, telephone calls, video
conferencing, and digital platforms. Effective communication requires clarity,
relevance, and appropriateness in the message delivery to ensure that the
intended meaning is accurately conveyed and understood.
Definition:
Communication
can be defined as the act of sharing information and creating shared meaning between
two or more individuals or groups. It serves multiple functions, such as
informing, persuading, expressing emotions, and building relationships.
Communication is fundamental to human interaction and is essential in personal,
professional, and social contexts. Effective communication fosters
collaboration, resolves conflicts, enhances productivity, and strengthens interpersonal
connections.
Need
and significance of communication in technology
1.
Information Exchange: Communication facilitates the exchange of
technical information
and
data crucial for the development, implementation, and maintenance of
technology.
2.
Collaboration: It enables teams of engineers,
developers, and designers to collaborate
effectively,
share ideas, and work towards common goals.
3.
Problem-solving: Communication allows for effective
problem-solving by enabling
individuals
to discuss issues, brainstorm solutions, and make informed decisions.
4.
Project Management: It plays a vital role in project
management by facilitating
coordination,
scheduling, and monitoring of tasks and milestones.
5.
Feedback Loop: Communication provides a feedback loop,
allowing for the evaluation of
technology
performance and the identification of areas for improvement.
6.
Innovation: It fosters innovation by promoting the
exchange of innovative ideas and
encouraging
creativity within technology-focused teams.
7.
Client Relations: Effective communication is essential for
building and maintaining
relationships
with clients, understanding their requirements, and delivering satisfactory
technological
solutions.
8.
User Experience: Communication helps in understanding user
needs, preferences, and
feedback,
leading to the development of user-friendly and intuitive technological
products.
9.
Technical Support: It enables the provision of technical
support and assistance to users,
addressing
their queries, troubleshooting issues, and ensuring smooth operation of
technology.
10.
Documentation: Communication facilitates the creation of
technical documentation,
including
user manuals, guides, and specifications, to aid in the understanding and
utilization
of technology.
11.
Training: It supports training programs for users and technical
staff, ensuring that they
have
the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively utilize and manage
technology.
12.
Interoperability: Communication is crucial for ensuring
interoperability between
different
technological systems, devices, and software applications, allowing them to
work
together
seamlessly.
13.
Security: It plays a critical role in communicating security
protocols, procedures, and best
practices
to protect technological assets and data from cyber threats and breaches.
14.
Regulatory Compliance: Communication helps in ensuring
compliance with regulatory
requirements
and standards governing the development, deployment, and operation of
technology.
15.
Global Reach: In a globalized world, communication
enables technology companies to
reach
a diverse audience, cater to international markets, and adapt products to local
needs
and
preferences.
16.
Remote Work: With the rise of remote work,
communication tools and platforms
facilitate
virtual collaboration, enabling teams to work together irrespective of geographical
locations.
17.
Continuous Improvement: Communication supports a culture of
continuous
improvement
by encouraging feedback, suggestions, and lessons learned, driving
innovation
and enhancement of technology.
18.
Decision Making: It provides the necessary information and
insights for informed
decision-making
regarding technology investments, strategies, and priorities.
19.
Disaster Recovery: Communication plans and protocols are
essential for disaster recovery
and
business continuity, ensuring minimal disruption to technology operations in
the event
of
emergencies or disasters.
20.
Ethical Considerations: Lastly, communication fosters
discussions on ethical
considerations
surrounding technology, such as privacy, data ethics, and responsible use,
promoting
ethical decision-making and responsible innovation.
Effective
communication is integral to the successful development, implementation, and
utilization
of technology, enhancing productivity, efficiency, and overall outcomes in the
technological
landscape.
Modes and Types of Communication
Modes
and types of communication encompass the channels through which messages are transmitted,
such as verbal, written, non-verbal, visual, and digital means. Verbal
communication involves spoken words, while written communication utilizes
written language. Non-verbal communication relies on gestures, facial
expressions, and body language to convey meaning. Visual communication employs
visual aids like charts, graphs, and videos, while digital communication
leverages digital technologies such as computers and the internet. Each type serves
different purposes and is selected based on factors such as the nature of the
message, the audience, and the context of communication.
1. Verbal Communication
● Characteristics: Involves spoken words, immediate,
allows for real-time
feedback.
● Merits: Facilitates clarity, fosters interpersonal
connections, enables spontaneous
interaction.
● Demerits: Limited to spoken language proficiency,
prone to misinterpretation,
lacks a permanent record.
2. Written Communication:
● Characteristics: Uses written words, provides a
permanent record, allows for
detailed expression.
● Merits: Facilitates documentation, clarity in
complex information, suitable for
formal communication.
● Demerits: Lacks immediacy, may be time-consuming,
requires literacy and
writing skills.
3. Non-verbal Communication:
● Characteristics: Relies on gestures, facial
expressions, body language, tone of
voice.
● Merits: Enhances understanding, supplements verbal
communication, conveys
emotions.
● Demerits: Subject to misinterpretation, cultural
differences, may lack clarity in
certain contexts.
4. Visual Communication:
● Characteristics: Utilizes visual aids like charts,
graphs, images, and videos.
● Merits: Enhances comprehension, simplifies complex
information, engages
visually.
● Demerits: Requires visual literacy, may oversimplify
concepts, potential for
information overload.
5. Digital Communication:
● Characteristics: Relies on digital technologies like
computers, smartphones,
internet.
● Merits: Fast and convenient, global reach, offers
various mediums (email, social
media).
● Demerits: May lead to miscommunication due to lack
of context, privacy
concerns, distractions.
6. Formal Communication:
● Characteristics: Structured, follows established
channels, typically used in
professional settings.
● Merits: Provides clarity, accountability, ensures
consistency in message delivery.
● Demerits: Can be rigid, slow in decision-making, may
lack spontaneity.
7. One-way Communication:
● Characteristics: Information flows only from sender
to receiver, no feedback from
receiver.
● Merits: Useful for disseminating information
efficiently, suitable for instructional
purposes.
● Demerits: Limited interaction, lacks opportunity for
clarification or feedback, may
lead to misunderstandings.
8. Two-way Communication:
● Characteristics: Involves an exchange of information
between sender and
receiver, feedback loop.
● Merits: Promotes engagement, fosters understanding,
allows for clarification and
feedback.
● Demerits: Requires active participation from both
parties, may be time-
consuming.
9. Group Communication:
● Characteristics: Involves communication among
multiple individuals or groups.
● Merits: Facilitates collaboration, brainstorming,
diverse perspectives.
● Demerits: Potential for conflicts, diffusion of
responsibility, may lack individual
accountability.
10. Mass Communication:
● Characteristics: Communication to a large audience
simultaneously through
media channels.
● Merits: Wide reach, efficient dissemination of
information, influential.
● Demerits: Limited feedback, potential for
information distortion, may lack
personalization.
11. Interpersonal Communication:
● Characteristics: Communication between individuals
or small groups.
● Merits: Builds relationships, fosters trust, allows
for empathy and understanding.
● Demerits: Potential for misunderstandings, requires
active listening and empathy,
may be influenced by personal biases.
Understanding the modes and types of communication is
crucial for effective interaction, as it
allows individuals to choose the most appropriate
method for conveying messages, ensuring
clarity, comprehension, and successful communication outcomes.
Types of information - Communication:
Concept, Meaning, Definition
Need and Significance
Modes and Types of Communication
Concept:
Communication is how people share thoughts, feelings, or ideas with others
through talking, writing, or gestures, helping us understand each other better.
Definition:
Communication means sending and receiving messages by speaking, writing, or using
body language, so we can understand each other well.
Meaning:
Communication is super important because it helps us make friends, solve
problems, teach each other things, and work together. It's how we connect with
others and learn from each other in our lives and at work.
Need and Significance of Technology in
Communication
1. Efficient project management
2. Problem-solving
3. Innovation
4. Collaboration
5. Client relationships
6. User experience
7. Feedback loop
8. Training and support
9. Risk management
10. Adaptability
11. Quality assurance
12. Competitive advantage
Modes and types of communication
1.
Verbal Communication: Using spoken words to convey messages.
2.
Non-verbal Communication: Conveying messages without words,
such as through gestures or facial expressions.
3.
Written Communication: Communicating through written words,
such as emails, letters, or reports.
4. Visual Communication:
Conveying information through visual elements like charts, graphs, or diagrams.
5. Digital Communication:
Exchanging messages electronically, often through platforms like email,
messaging apps, or social media.
6.
Interpersonal Communication: Direct communication
between individuals, whether face-to-face or through electronic means.
7.
Group Communication: Communication that occurs within a group
setting, involving multiple individuals interacting with each other.
8.
Formal Communication: Structured communication following
established rules and protocols, often within organizational hierarchies.
9.
Informal Communication: Casual communication that occurs
spontaneously without predetermined structure or rules.
Prepared By
Mohacina Saji M M
Welcome to my new blog on sampling and its methods.
Here we discuss two methods:
Multistage Sampling and Incidental Sampling
Learning Outcomes
- to understand the concept of sampling and its types.
- to analyze the difference between Probability and Non probability sampling.
- to know in depth about Multistage sampling and Incidental sampling.
- To identify the differences between these two types of sampling methods.
Sampling
The term sampling refers to the strategies which enable us to pick a subgroup from a larger group and then use the subgroup as a basis for making judgement about the larger group.
Types of Sampling Methods
There are two types of sampling. They are as follows:
Probability Sampling
The method of sampling which gives the probability that our sample is a representative of the population. This type of sampling is again divided into many categories. They are Simple random sampling, Systematic sampling, Stratified sampling, and Multistage sampling.
Multistage Sampling.
This sample is more comprehensive and representative of the population. In this type of sampling primary sample units are inclusive groups and secondary units are sub-groups within these ultimate units to be selected which belong to one and only one group. Stages of a population are usually available within a group or population, whenever stratification is done by the researcher. The Individuals are selected from different stages for constituting the multi-stage sampling.
Nonprobability Sampling
This type is also known as nonparametric sampling which are used for certain purpose. They are again classified into the following categories namely; Convenient sampling, Quota sampling, Snowball sampling.
Incidental Sampling.
The term incidental or accidental applied to those samples that are taken because they are most frequently available, i.e. this refers to groups which are used as samples of a population because they are readily available or because the researcher is unable to employ more acceptable sampling methods.
Table 1
The following table shows the different types of sampling.
Figure 1
The following figure shows population and sampling
References
IGNOU MES 16-Educational Research Study Material-Block 3-Research Design-Unit 12-Pg no 33-38
Yogesh Kumar Singh-2006-Fundamental of Research Methodology and Statistics-ISBN : 978-81-224-2418-8 -Pg no 82-90
https://online.aiou.edu.pk/LIVE_SITE/SoftBooks/0837.pdf
POWERPOINT
